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Öxarárfoss is a scenic waterfall located within Þingvellir National Park, one of Iceland's most historically and geologically significant sites, situated approximately 45 kilometers northeast of Reykjavík. The waterfall descends roughly 13 meters into the Almannagjá gorge, where the Öxará River flows through the dramatic rift valley formed by the separation of the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates.
The name translates to "Axe River Falls," derived from the river that feeds it. Historical accounts suggest the river's course may have been partially redirected by early settlers to provide water closer to the Alþingi (parliament) assembly site, though geological evidence indicates the waterfall itself is a natural formation shaped by the region's volcanic bedrock.
The waterfall holds cultural significance due to its proximity to Þingvellir, established in 930 AD as the site of Iceland's national assembly, making it one of the world's oldest parliamentary institutions. For over eight centuries, Icelanders gathered at this location for legislative sessions and judicial proceedings, with the Öxará River serving as a natural boundary and water source for the thousands who attended.
The Drekkingarhylur (Drowning Pool), a deep section of the river downstream from Öxarárfoss, was used for executions by drowning during medieval times, primarily for women convicted of serious crimes. This dark history adds somber depth to the site's cultural landscape.
The waterfall cascades over dark basalt rock formations into a crystalline pool surrounded by columnar basalt cliffs characteristic of volcanic geology. The Almannagjá gorge through which the Öxará flows represents the visible rift between continental plates, with the valley widening approximately 2 centimeters annually due to tectonic movement.
Visitors access Öxarárfoss via a well-maintained walking path from the main Þingvellir visitor center, with the hike taking approximately 15 to 20 minutes covering roughly 1.5 kilometers. The trail follows the gorge rim, offering views into the rift before descending to the waterfall's base where visitors can approach within meters of the cascading water.
Access to Öxarárfoss requires entering Þingvellir National Park via Route 36 from Reykjavík, with the drive taking approximately 45 to 50 minutes. The park serves as the traditional starting point for Golden Circle tours, with the waterfall accessible from the main P1 parking area at the visitor center.
Admission to Þingvellir National Park and Öxarárfoss is free, though parking fees apply at ISK 750 for stays up to 3 hours and ISK 1,000 for longer visits. Payment is managed through automated machines accepting credit cards, with the parking fee covering access to all park facilities including the visitor center, walking trails, and restroom facilities.
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Öxarárfoss is a scenic waterfall located within Þingvellir National Park, one of Iceland's most historically and geologically significant sites, situated approximately 45 kilometers northeast of Reykjavík. The waterfall descends roughly 13 meters into the Almannagjá gorge, where the Öxará River flows through the dramatic rift valley formed by the separation of the North American and Eurasian tectonic plates.
The name translates to "Axe River Falls," derived from the river that feeds it. Historical accounts suggest the river's course may have been partially redirected by early settlers to provide water closer to the Alþingi (parliament) assembly site, though geological evidence indicates the waterfall itself is a natural formation shaped by the region's volcanic bedrock.
The waterfall holds cultural significance due to its proximity to Þingvellir, established in 930 AD as the site of Iceland's national assembly, making it one of the world's oldest parliamentary institutions. For over eight centuries, Icelanders gathered at this location for legislative sessions and judicial proceedings, with the Öxará River serving as a natural boundary and water source for the thousands who attended.
The Drekkingarhylur (Drowning Pool), a deep section of the river downstream from Öxarárfoss, was used for executions by drowning during medieval times, primarily for women convicted of serious crimes. This dark history adds somber depth to the site's cultural landscape.
The waterfall cascades over dark basalt rock formations into a crystalline pool surrounded by columnar basalt cliffs characteristic of volcanic geology. The Almannagjá gorge through which the Öxará flows represents the visible rift between continental plates, with the valley widening approximately 2 centimeters annually due to tectonic movement.
Visitors access Öxarárfoss via a well-maintained walking path from the main Þingvellir visitor center, with the hike taking approximately 15 to 20 minutes covering roughly 1.5 kilometers. The trail follows the gorge rim, offering views into the rift before descending to the waterfall's base where visitors can approach within meters of the cascading water.
Access to Öxarárfoss requires entering Þingvellir National Park via Route 36 from Reykjavík, with the drive taking approximately 45 to 50 minutes. The park serves as the traditional starting point for Golden Circle tours, with the waterfall accessible from the main P1 parking area at the visitor center.
Admission to Þingvellir National Park and Öxarárfoss is free, though parking fees apply at ISK 750 for stays up to 3 hours and ISK 1,000 for longer visits. Payment is managed through automated machines accepting credit cards, with the parking fee covering access to all park facilities including the visitor center, walking trails, and restroom facilities.
The hike from the parking area to Oxararfoss takes approximately 10-15 minutes on a well-maintained trail, making it accessible for most visitors.
Swimming is not allowed at Oxararfoss, as the water is very cold and the area is protected within Thingvellir National Park.
Yes, many guided tours of the Golden Circle include a stop at Oxararfoss as part of their itinerary, offering insights into the history and geology of the area.
Oxararfoss can be visited at night, especially during the summer when Iceland experiences the Midnight Sun. However, during winter, it’s advisable to visit during daylight hours for safety.
Visitors should wear sturdy walking shoes, especially in winter or wet conditions, and bring a rain jacket due to the mist from the waterfall. A camera is also recommended to capture the stunning scenery.
Why should you?
